Unlike their herbaceous modern cousins, these plants were medium-sized trees, growing to heights of more than 30 meters (100 feet). They were components of the understories of coal swamps of the …

A recently published Viewpointdisputes this recent work, thus here, we document in detail, the mechanistic underpinnings of our modeling and illustrate the extraordinary ecophysiological nature of …

Clubmosses (also known as lycophytes) have the longest fossil record of any living group of plants with relatives alive today. Some clubmosses, like Lepidodendron, grew to over 40m tall, only branching …

The Carboniferous, the time of Earth’s penultimate icehouse and widespread coal formation, was dominated by extinct lineages of early-diverging vascular plants.

In the Upper Carboniferous, there were fire catastrophes that spread across continents, in a magnitude never before witnessed in the history of the earth. This suggests that the huge clubmoss vegetation …

This paved the way for the painstaking reconstruction of many of the coal-plants that we now know so well—plants like the giant horsetail, Calamites, or the tree-sized club-moss, Lepidodendron.

Welsh plant fossils 315-300 million years ago Wales was covered in dense forests and swamps. Giant clubmosses and ferns grew as tall as trees. Their fossils can be found in the Upper Carboniferous …